[7] The term was used as an ethnic/racial category for mixed-race castas that evolved during the Spanish Empire. Terms such as mulatto Colombians and mestizo Hondurans refer to a(n) _____. d. Cuban Americans, Cuban immigration increased tremendously _______. Mixed Races of South America and Mexico (Charleston Southern Patriot, January 6, 1848) Milestone for Those of Mixed Race (Los Angeles Times, March 16, 2000) Broward schools remove 'negro' from racial background form (Miami Herald, Sept. 1, 2009) 'White means pure': African singer defends 'Whitenicious' skin-bleaching cream after being accused of encouraging people to change skin tone (Daily . If mulattos were born into slavery (i.e., their mother was a slave), they would be slaves also, but if their mother was free, they were free. b. policies that have facilitated English voters The first wave was started through a program of freedom flightsspecially arranged charter flights from Havana to Miami. The Spanish caste system outlined all the different ways the native peoples in New Spain had mixed with Africans and Europeans and the names and rights associated with each combination. c. Latinos are predominantly Catholics. Which of the following statements reflect the political trends prevalent amongst Latinos? Explain your reasoning. 50% of the population back up democratic candidates c. the color gradient. What is Creole mulatto? While for most of its history the concept of mestizo and mestizaje has been lauded by Mexico's intellectual circles, in recent times the concept has been a target of criticism, with its detractors claiming that it delegitimizes the importance of ethnicity in Mexico under the idea of "(racism) not existing here (in Mexico), as everybody is mestizo. [55] The main ideological advocate of mestizaje was Jos Vasconcelos (18821959), the Mexican Minister of Education in the 1920s. b. highly talented New York The enslaved Africans that were brought to El Salvador during the colonial times, eventually came to mix and merged into the much larger and vaster Mestizo mixed European Spanish/Native Indigenous population creating Pardo or Afromestizos who cluster with Mestizo people, contributing into the modern day Mestizo population in El Salvador, thus, there remains no significant extremes of African physiognomy among Salvadorans like there is in the other countries of Central America. c. 71% voters in the district are ineligible to vote due to insolvency or lunacy Mulato: son of black and white persons. \\ c. Cuban Americans taking an anti-Castro stand d. Social discrimination, A labor organizer who crusaded to organize migrant farmworkers, d. political future of their respective island homelands, The central political issue for Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans has been the ______. Mestizo: son of Indian and white persons. The word mestizo acquired another meaning in the 1930 census, being used by the government to refer to all Mexicans who did not speak Indigenous languages regardless of ancestry. d. after the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, c. had professional or managerial backgrounds, The early immigrants of the first Cuban wave _____. Important pardo groups in Brazil are the caboclos (largely contemporary usage) or mamelucos (largely archaic usage), the mulatos, and the cafuzos. Below is a series of cost of goods sold sections for companies B, F, L, and R. BFLRBeginninginventory$180$70$1,000$(j)Purchases1,6201,060(g)43,590Purchasereturnsandallowances40(d)290(k)Netpurchases(a)1,0306,21041,090Freight-in110(e)(h)2,240Costofgoodspurchased(b)1,2807,940(l)Costofgoodsavailableforsale1,8701,350(i)49,530Endinginventory250(f)1,4506,230Costofgoodssold(c)1,2307,49043,300\begin{array}{lrrrr} Across Latin America, these are the two terms most commonly used to describe people of mixed-race background. In the same way, mestio, a term used to describe anyone with any degree of miscegenation in one's blood line, may apply to all said groups (that in Portugal and its ex-colonies, always depended solely on phenotype, meaning a brown person may have a full sibling of all other basic phenotypes and thus ethnic groups). Generally, mulattoes are light-skinned, though dark enough to be excluded from the white race. The term octoroon referred to a person with one-eighth African ancestry; [that is, someone with family heritage of one biracial grandparent, in other words, one African great-grandparent and seven Caucasian great-grandparents. Mestizo culture quickly became the most successful and dominant culture in El Salvador. 1590s, "one who is the offspring of a European and a black African," from Spanish or Portuguese mulato "of mixed breed," literally "young mule," from mulo "mule," from Latin mulus (fem. The production of casta paintings in New Spain ceased at the same juncture, after almost a century as a genre. However, significant numbers of Afro-Ecuadorians can be found in the countries' largest cities of Guayaquil and Quito, where they have been migrating to from their ancestral regions in search of better opportunities. On this consideration is based the common estimation of descent from a union of Indian and European or creole Spaniard. Terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to a. biological races. For example, an Amerindian (initially and most often ndio, often more formally indgena, rarely amerndio, an East Amerindian (indiano)) or a Filipino may be initially described as pardo/parda (in opposition to branco, white, negro, Afro, and amarelo, yellow) if his or her ethnicity is unknown, and it is testified by the initial discovery reports of Portuguese navigators. Paraguay, a history lesson in racial equality, Juan Manuel Casal, 2 Dec, 2016. 10.6% is of African ancestry, though those of at least some* partial African ancestry raise the percentage to well over half of the entire country's population. The use of these labels to describe mixed-race ancestry is an example of how racial identity among Hispanics often defies conventional classifications used in the U.S. For example, among Hispanic adults we surveyed who say they consider themselves mixed race, mestizo or mulatto, only 13% explicitly select two or more races or volunteer that they are mixed race when asked about their racial background in a standard race question (like those asked on U.S. census forms). Wealthy people paid to change or obscure their actual ancestry. Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo, attributed to Juan Rodrguez Jurez, c. 1715, oil on canvas (Breamore House, Hampshire, UK) Many famous artists, including Juan Rodrguez Jurez, Miguel Cabrera, and Juan Patricio Morlete . b. Dictators During the reign of Jos Gaspar Rodrguez de Francia, the first consul of Paraguay from 1811 to 1840, he imposed a law that no Spaniard may intermarry with another Spaniard, and that they may only wed mestizos or Amerindians. a. Atlanta b. with the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act 9. a. El Salvador 'Za' is typically used as a slang term for pizza, whereas 'zo' is typically used as a slang term for the zoo. how many remington model six were made terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to Although this has been conceived of as a "system," and often called the sistema de castas or sociedad de castas, archival research shows that racial labels were not fixed throughout a person's life. As of 2012[update] most Costa Ricans are primarily of Spanish or mestizo ancestry with minorities of German, Italian, Jamaican, and Greek ancestry. d. The gap between the Whites and the Latinos in both income and poverty levels has remained relatively constant. a. the exorbitant amount of tuition and admission fees About 8% of the population is of African descent or mulatto (mix of European and African) who are called Afro-Costa Ricans, English-speaking descendants of 19th century Afro-Jamaican immigrant workers. Majority of Hispanic voters in the US prefer the Republicans over the Democrats This conversation has been flagged as incorrect. The term mestizo is not used for official purposes, with Mexican Americans being classed in roughly equal proportions as "white" or "some other ethnicity". By the late 20th century, allusions in textbooks and political discourse to "whiteness," or to Spain as the "mother country" of all Costa Ricans, were diminishing, replaced with a recognition of the multiplicity of peoples that make up the nation. Miguel Cabrera 1763. d. Cuba, Marielitos refer to ______. a. a. form coalitions with Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, or Puerto Ricans a. Puerto Ricans Which of the following statements represent the educational trends prevalent amongst Latinos? d. Majority of the Latinos vote for political parties that promote policies with strict immigration laws. c. What are mestizo clothing? Which of the following statements is true about the identity of Hispanics? Spanish authorities turned a blind eye to the Mestizos' presence, since they collected commoners' tribute for the crown and came to hold offices. [19] Artwork created mainly in eighteenth-century Mexico, "casta paintings," show groupings of racial types in hierarchical order, which has influenced the way that modern scholars have conceived of social difference in Spanish America.[19]. d. political parties refrained from acknowledging them, Established political parties began recognizing Latinos as a force in the election process primarily through the _______. There is also verified evidence of the grandchildren of Moctezuma II, Aztec emperor, whose royal descent the Spanish Crown acknowledged, willingly having set foot on European soil. The term pardo can have several meanings including brown, mulatto, mestizo, or any combination of mixed race. \text{Beginning inventory} & \$\hspace{10pt} 180 & \$\hspace{15pt} 70 & \$1,000 &\text{\$\hspace{20pt} (j)}\\ Mulattos/Mulattas had one Spanish and one Black parent. In some Latin American countries, such as Mexico, the concept of the Mestizo became central to the formation of a new independent identity that was neither wholly Spanish nor wholly Indigenous. There are no comments. c. They are more likely to aspire to enroll in colleges compared to the Whites. In certain regions such as Latin America, it may also refer to people who are culturally European even though their ancestors are not. Regular commercial air traffic was halted due to the severing of diplomatic relations by the United States with Cuba. Mexican politicians and reformers such as Jos Vasconcelos and Manuel Gamio were instrumental in building a Mexican national identity on the concept of "mestizaje" (the process of ethnic homogenization). The next 30% of the population is comprised by four ethnic groups with about 7.5% each, the Montubio (a term for Mestizos from the inland countryside of coastal Ecuador - who are culturally distinct from Mestizos from the rest of the country), Afro-Ecuadorian, Amerindians, and Europeans. c. Latinos have a stronger financial background than other cultural groups. [This fact] dominates our whole history; to this we owe our soul. d. 10% of the population is physically disabled or handicapped, In the context of Latinos' political presence, the ______ have clearly garnered the allegiance of Hispanics. The term mestizo means mixed in Spanish, and is generally used throughout Latin America to describe people of mixed ancestry with a white European and an indigenous background. Over time terms have changed, so another way to be more politically correct is to identify a person by a group, like Latinx or Mexican American. Including South America;[60] Venezuela[61] Brazil,[62] Peru[63] and Colombia.[64]. Updated 4/18/2015 5:46:38 PM. [31] In the Yucatn Peninsula, the word mestizo has a different meaning to the one used in the rest of Mexico, being used to refer to the Maya-speaking populations living in traditional communities, because during the Caste War of Yucatn of the late 19th century those Maya who did not join the rebellion were classified as mestizos. Cholo is also the word for coyote. c. political ambitions of their illegal immigrants Many Latinos resent that every four years the political movers and shakers rediscover that they exist. d. chain immigration, During the 1980 Mariel boatlift, prisoners, mental patients, and drug addicts were sent to the US from ______. D. color gradient. a. b. b. young Cuban Americans accepting Anglo culture "Mestizaje placed greater emphasis [than the casta system] on commonality and hybridity to engineer order and unity [it] operated within the context of the nation-state and sought to derive meaning from Latin America's own internal experiences rather than the dictates and necessities of empire ultimately [it] embraced racial mixture."[56]. a. after the 1959 Cuban Revolution Illegal immigrants being deported to Cuba The Mixed Ethnicty Day, or Mestico Day (Dia do Mestio), on 27 June, is official event in States of Amazonas, Roraima e Paraba and a holyday in two cities. Decide whether the following statement is true or false makes sense. d. skilled professionals, b. they lacked formal education and had fewer skills than previous groups, The third wave of Cuban immigrants had a great deal of difficulty in adjusting to their new lives in the US because ______. B. Asked 7/17/2013 9:58:01 PM. Many Indigenous people left their traditional villages and sought to be counted as Mestizos to avoid tribute payments to the Spanish. B) the color gradient. [29], Sometimes, particularly outside of Mexico, the word "mestizo" is used with the meaning of Mexican persons with mixed Indigenous and European blood. Which of the following statements about maquiladoras is FALSE? [21] This mixed group born out of Christian wedlock increased in numbers, generally living in their mother's Indigenous communities. GitHub export from English Wikipedia. Terms such as mulatto Colombians and mestizo Hondurans refer to a(n) _______. Mestizo noun A person of mixed ancestry, especially one of Spanish and Native American heritage. Low levels of wealth This has made El Salvador one of the worlds most highly mixed race nations. In a couple of generations a predominantly Mestizo population emerged in Ecuador with a drastically declining Amerindian population due to European diseases and wars. c. limited participation in elections Liberal intellectuals grappled with the "Indian Problem", that is, the Amerindians' lack of cultural assimilation to Mexican national life as citizens of the nation, rather than members of their Indigenous communities. "Without Impediment: Crossing Racial Boundaries in Colonial Mexico." With the passage of time these Spanish conquerors and succeeding Spanish colonists sired offspring, largely nonconsensually, with the local Amerindian population, since Spanish immigration did not initially include many European females to the colonies. [13], In recent years, Mestizos' sole claim to Mexican national identity has begun to erode, at least rhetorically. "Spanish and Indian produce Mestizo", 1780. Which program has been a cornerstone of funding for bilingual education in the U.S.? One of the most notorious group is the pardo (brown people), also informally known as moreno (tan skinned people; given its euphemism-like nature, it may be interpreted as offensive). Indians were free vassals of the crown, whose commoners paid tribute while Indigenous elites were considered nobles and tribute exempt, as were Mestizos. d. Hispanic presence outside conventional political activities, The Hispanic community's _______ influences politicians to try and gain their support. b. Marielitos In Central and South America it denotes a person of combined Indian and European extraction. But because Southern Chile was settled by German settlers in 1848, many mestizos include descendants of Mapuche and German settlers. Terms such as mulatto Colombians and mestizo Hondurans refer to a(n) _____. Mainly Mexicans are mestizo, they have spanish and native American ancestry. There is a significant Arab population (of about 100,000), mostly from Palestine (especially from the area of Bethlehem), but also from Lebanon. is separated altogether from pardo (which refers to any kind of brown people) and caboclo (brown people originally of EuropeanIndigenous American admixture, or assimilated Indigenous American). Miguel Cabrera 1763. [38], In May 2009, the same institution (Mexico's National Institute of Genomic Medicine) issued a report on a genomic study of 300 mestizos from those same states. Majority of the third generation Latinos are Roman Catholics. This usage does not conform to the Mexican social reality where a person of pure Indigenous ancestry would be considered mestizo either by rejecting his Indigenous culture or by not speaking an Indigenous language,[30] and a person with none or very low Indigenous ancestry would be considered Indigenous either by speaking an Indigenous language or by identifying with a particular Indigenous cultural heritage. "[23] OCrouley states that the same process of restoration of racial purity does not occur over generations for European-African offspring marrying whites. [citation needed], An extraofficial estimate considers that the 49% of the Colombian population is mestizo or of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry. Mixed children are now largely referred to as "half" or hfu), though often, for those without contact with the term, mestio de [East Asian nationality/ethnicity] may also be used. Mexicans are "the sons of two peoples, of two races. Fill in the lettered blanks to complete the cost of goods sold sections. a. Republicans noun, a person of mixed racial or ethnic ancestry, especially, in Latin America, of mixed Indigenous and European descent or, in the Philippines, of mixed Indigenous and foreign descent. From the 1930s to the early 1950s, journalistic and official antisemitic campaigns fueled harassment of Jews; however, by the 1950s and 1960s, the immigrants won greater acceptance. European migrants used Costa Rica to get across the isthmus of Central America as well to reach the U.S. West Coast (California) in the late 19th century and until the 1910s (before the Panama Canal opened). [65] The Counts of Miravalle, residing in Andaluca, Spain, demanded in 2003 that the government of Mexico recommence payment of the so-called "Moctezuma pensions" it had cancelled in 1934. They include mostly those of non-white skin color. c. Language acquisition \text{Purchase returns and allowances} & 40 & \text{(d)} & 290 & \text{(k)}\\ 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA Such cases were not so common and the children of enslaved women tended not to be allowed to inherit property. Instead, about four-in-ten of Hispanic respondents identifying as mestizo/mulatto say their race is white, while one-in-five volunteered their race as Hispanic. Is there an opportunity for d. El Paso, d. the communist government being overturned, Which of the following events will most likely influence Cuban exiles in the US to return to Cuba? When asked if they identify as mestizo, mulatto or some other mixed-race combination, one-third of U.S. Hispanics say they do, according to a 2014 Pew Research Center survey of Hispanic adults. terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to. But for many U.S. Latinos, mixed-race identity takes on a different meaning one that is tied to Latin Americas colonial history and commonly includes having a white and indigenous, or mestizo, background somewhere in their ancestry. 13 - Chinese Americans and Japan, SOC 270: Ch. [47], Argentine Northwest still has a predominantly mestizo population, especially in the provinces of Jujuy, Salta, Tucumn, Santiago del Estero, Catamarca and La Rioja.[38][48]. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. b. increased commitments to a single party terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to. 3. In colonial Venezuela, pardo was more commonly used instead of mestizo. Mexican novelist Carlos Fuentes's novel La frontera de cristal (1995; The Crystal Frontier), which is set on the U.S.-Mexico border, begins with the impressions of a young, aristocratic criolla from Mexico City on her first visit to the border region of northern Mexico.1 Prepared by her Blue Guide tour book, which tells her that "there is absolutely nothing of interest" (Crystal Frontier . They are more likely to succeed in completing college faster than their White classmates. [26] Many Indigenous people, and sometimes those with partial African descent, were classified as Mestizo if they spoke Spanish and lived as Mestizos. This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Occasionally it is used for a Filipino with apparent Chinese ancestry, who will also be referred to as 'chinito'. For many Americans, the term mixed race brings to mind a biracial experience of having one parent black and another white, or perhaps one white and the other Asian. Mestizos are the largest of all the ethnic groups, and comprise 70% of the current population. What the data says about gun deaths in the U.S. These findings reflect the challenges the U.S. Census Bureau faces when measuring Hispanic racial identity. b. territory purchase Leibsohn, Dana, and Barbara E. Mundy, "Reckoning with Mestizaje,", Martinez, Maria Elena. Among these descendants are the Counts of Miravalle, and the Dukes of Moctezuma de Tultengo, who became part of the Spanish peerage and left many descendants in Europe. b. lack formal education and shared modest skills 10. . The mestizo historian Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, son of Spanish conquistador Sebastin Garcilaso de la Vega and of the Inca princess Isabel Chimpo Oclloun arrived in Spain from Peru. [9] In the modern era, mestizaje is used by scholars such as Gloria Anzalda as a synonym for miscegenation, but with positive connotations. Terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to: The color gradient. He lived in the town of Montilla, Andaluca, where he died in 1616. _______ are characteristics of Hispanic households. c. they were not interested in voting Sarars differ from mulatos at being fair-skinned (rather than brown-skinned), and having non-straight blond or red hair. \text{Cost of goods sold} & \text{(c)} & 1,230 &7,490 & 43,300\\ Ti Ph Printing l n v hng u v dch v cung cp my in vn phng, mc my in. a. color gradient. Added 12/27/2014 3:06:40 PM. The Mexican state after the Mexican Revolution (191020) embraced the ideology of mestizaje as a nation-building tool, aimed at integrating Amerindians culturally and politically in the construction of national identity. The remaining groups are white, black, indi- genous, mulatto, and other.17 Urban dwellers . They were useful intermediaries for the colonial state between the Republic of Spaniards and the Republic of Indians.[25]. They are more likely to agree that a college degree is unnecessary to get ahead in life. c. are more geographically mobile "[46], Initially colonial Argentina and Uruguay had a predominantly mestizo population like the rest of the Spanish colonies, but due to a flood of European migration in the 19th century and the repeated intermarriage with Europeans, the mestizo population became a so-called Castizo population. [54], Mestizaje ([mes.tisa.xe]) is a term that came into usage in twentieth-century Latin America for racial mixing, not a colonial-era term. \text{Cost of goods purchased} & \text{(b)} & 1,280 & 7,940 & \text{(l)}\\ [30] In Chiapas, the term Ladino is used instead of Mestizo.[32]. Throughout the territories of the Spanish Empire in the Americas, ways of differentiating individuals in a racial hierarchy, often called in the modern era the sistema de castas or the sociedad de castas, developed where society was divided based on color, calidad (status), and other factors. What is (A) The use of terms such as mestizo, mulatto, and creole 300 "In the year of our Lord 1315, hunger grew in the land. Then, those, neither Afro- nor fair-skinned, whose origins come from the admixture between white or morenos and Afros or cafuzos. a. Other Indigenous groups in the country such as Maya Poqomam people, Maya Ch'orti' people, Alaguilac, Xinca people, Mixe and Mangue language people became culturally extinct due to the mestizo process or diseases brought by the Spaniards. Mestizo (Spanish:[mestio] or [mestiso]), mestio (Portuguese:[mtisu], [mest()isu] or [mit()isu]), mtis (French:[metis] or [meti]), mests (Catalan:[mstis]), Mischling (German: [ml]), meticcio (Italian:[metitto]), mestiezen (Dutch:[mstiz(n)]), mestee (Middle English:[msti]), and mixed (English) are all cognates of the Latin word mixticius. As explained above, the concept of mestio should not be confused with mestizo as used in either the Spanish-speaking world or the English-speaking one. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care. (There are mestios among all major groups of the country: Indigenous, Asian, pardo, and African, and they likely constitute the majority in the three latter groups.). Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. The term mestios can also refer to fully African or East Asian in their full definition (thus not brown). The last group is composed of descendants of Amerindians or caboclos and Afros or other cafuzos. c. experience lesser unemployment rates compared to Whites There is also a small community of Jews who came to El Salvador from France, Germany, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey. [36], A 2012 study published by the Journal of Human Genetics found that the Y-chromosome (paternal) ancestry of the average Mexican mestizo was predominantly European (64.9%), followed by Native American (30.8%), and African (4.2%). They are an important group in the Northern (Amazon Basin) region, but also relatively numerous on the Northeastern and Center-Western ones. Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Gender. d. have lower levels of median wealth. b. they were noncitizens In theory, and as depicted in some eighteenth-century Mexican casta paintings, the offspring of a castizo/a [mixed Spanish - Mestizo] and an Espaol/a could be considered Espaol/a, or "returned" to that status.[20]. Mestizo - Someone of mixed European and ameridian ancestry. b. Mestizo Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Spain, and the Spanish-speaking Latin America to mean a person whose ancestors were both European and American Indians only. c. Church A more PC term for Mulatto (as well as mixed race and mixed ethnicity) is "biracial" or "multiracial". d. the legal movement between the two nations was halted, Cuban nationals picked up at sea will be sent back to Cuba, Rule that allows asylum to Cubans who reach the US soil, The Cuban American presence is most notably felt in _____. 4 (2011): 495-515. [50], During the colonial era, the majority of Ecuadorians were Amerindians and the minorities were the Spanish conquistadors, who came with Francisco Pizarro and Sebastin de Belalczar. c. High levels of accountability You also can't assume every mestizo has the same DNA percentages, some just have a dash of either side. In Brazil specifically, at least in modern times, all non-Indigenous people are considered to be a single ethnicity (os brasileiros. mulatto [ m uh- lat-oh, - lah-toh, myoo- ] show ipa noun, (not in technical use) the offspring of one white parent and one Black parent. Nowadays used to refer to any Hispanic person of mixed Amerindian and European descent, regardless of proportions. It is erroneous to categorize Chicano/as as immigrants (which implies that they are newly . The term was in circulation in Mexico in the late nineteenth century, along with similar terms, cruzamiento ("crossing") and mestizacin (process of "Mestizo-izing"). [citation needed]. d. the communist government being overturned, c. have increased in numbers even faster than that of Mexicans or any other group, Immigrants from Central and South American _______. c. The first wave was considered to be the most controversial to the extent that these refugees were socially undesirable. a. Hispanic politics For the Portuguese term, see, OCrouley, A Description of the Kingdom of New Spain, p. 20. a. lack of recognition of the growing Latino presence by political parties Salvadorans of Palestinian descent numbered around 70,000 individuals, while Salvadorans of Lebanese descent is around 27,000. Terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to? c. Dominicans a. were mostly illiterates Austin: University of Texas Press 1990, Sueann Caulfield, Interracial Courtship in the Rio de Janeiro Courts, 19181940, in Nancy P. Appelbaum, Anne S. Macpherson and Karin A. Rosemblatt (eds.) Which of the following Latino communities are citizens by birth? c. war b. [14][15] Its usage was documented as early as 1275, to refer to the offspring of an Egyptian/Afro Hamite and a Semite/Afro Asiatic. Castizo, Mestiza, Chamizo. b. have limited prospects of a brighter future [37], A study of 104 mestizos from Sonora, Yucatn, Guerrero, Zacatecas, Veracruz, and Guanajuato by Mexico's National Institute of Genomic Medicine, reported that mestizo Mexicans are 58.96% European, 31.05% Native American, and 10.03% African. mula) "mule" (see mule (n.1)); possibly in reference to hybrid origin of mules (compare Greek hmi-onos "a mule," literally "a half-ass;" as an adjective, "one of mixed race"). [16] This term was first documented in English in 1582.[17]. mestiza) is a term historically used in Spain and Hispanic Ame

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