He was the second cousin of John Adams and the Patrick Henry was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the first governor of Virginia. Trial Summary . Hutchinson immediately began investigating the affair, and Preston and the eight soldiers were arrested by the next morning. Amid tense relations between the civilians and the soldiers, a mob formed around a British sentry and verbally abused him. John Adams served as the defense lawyer, and only two men were convicted; they were released after their thumbs were branded. Preston later reported a colonist told him the protestors planned to “carry off [White] from his post and probably murder him.”The violence escalated, and the colonists struck the soldiers with clubs and sticks. He gave the local militia a key advantage during the Battles © 2020 A&E Television Networks, LLC.

Where possible, full texts of the documents are provided as PDF documents and the images can be clicked to enlarge.According to the Boston Massacre Historical Society, “this controversial event was the culmination of civilian-military tensions that had been growing since royal troops first appeared in Massachusetts in October 1768.”  To learn more, visit their It was later determined that Revere had copied his engraving from one made by Boston artist Henry Pelham.It took seven months to arraign Preston and the other soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre and bring them to trial. It ended without serious bloodshed but helped set the stage for the bloody incident yet to come.On the frigid, snowy evening of March 5, 1770, Private Hugh White was the only soldier guarding the King’s money stored inside the Custom House on King Street. At the same time a number of people passed by him with two fire-engines, as if there had been a fire in the town. It further incensed colonists already weary of British rule and unfair taxation and roused them to fight for independence.Yet perhaps Preston said it best when he wrote about the conflict and said, “None of them was a hero. Certain that impartial jurors were nonexistent in Boston, Adams convinced the judge to seat a jury of non-Bostonians.During Preston’s trial, Adams argued that confusion that night was rampant. The colonial Massachusetts native was raised by his uncle, a wealthy Boston merchant. Tensions had been building for many years between residents of the 13 American colonies and the British authorities, particularly in Massachusetts.

More than 2,000 British soldiers occupied the city of 16,000 colonists and tried to enforce Britain’s tax laws, like the Skirmishes between colonists and soldiers—and between patriot colonists and colonists loyal to Britain (loyalists)—were increasingly common. Eyewitnesses presented contradictory evidence on whether Preston had ordered his men to fire on the colonists.But after witness Richard Palmes testified that, “…After the Gun went off I heard the word ‘fire!’ The Captain and I stood in front about half between the breech and muzzle of the Guns. The Boston Massacre was a confrontation on March 5, 1770 in which British soldiers shot and killed several people while being harassed by a mob in Boston.The event was heavily publicized by leading Patriots such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams.
The testimony of The Boston Massacre is considered one of the most significant events that turned colonial sentiment against King George III and British Parliamentary authority. He was eventually supported by seven additional soldiers, led by Captain Thomas Preston, who were hit by clubs, stones, and snowballs. Two of them—Hugh Montgomery and Matthew Kilroy—were found guilty of manslaughter and were branded on the thumbs as first offenders per English law.To Adams’ and the jury’s credit, the British soldiers received a fair trial despite the vitriol felt towards them and their country.Colonists continued to rebel after the Boston Massacre, including the historic Boston Tea Party.The Boston Massacre had a major impact on relations between Britain and the American colonists.
The soldiers were professionals…who shouldn’t have panicked. The city was considered the beating heart of the Patriot cause, and its residents had organized spirited and occasionally violent resistance to British tax policies.

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