Because the Russian Bolsheviks had distributed the land to the peasants, they knew that, in defending the workers' state they were defending their plots of land against the big land-owners who supported the White armies. This fact in itself, demonstrates the major changes in the correlation of class forces which take place in a revolutionary situation.At first the SDP leaders asked the CP to support them from outside the government. On March 21st, 1919, the Hungarian Soviet Republic was proclaimed. Throughout the month of March, there was an unmistakable tendency towards armed insurrection. The Hungarian Communist Party, now under the leadership of Mátyás Rákosi and Ernő Gerő, two survivors from the Hungarian Soviet Republic of 1919, received support from only 17% of the population. If a csiras is lucky, he gets away before he starts to spit blood. The streets of the capital were full of mutinous troops: 300,000 of them, waiting to be demobbed. But the victory of the Habsburgs meant the victory of the big landlords who subsequently formed a solid bulwark of reaction in Hungary, becoming the local agents of Austrian imperialism on Hungarian soil.The explosive situation in the Hungarian countryside towards the end of the 19th century is adequately conveyed in an official report of the powerful landowners' association, the OMGE, written in 1894:"The population of the great plain consists of civil servants, rich peasants and the agrarian proletariat, who all live isolated from each other, hating each other. Suddenly, Social Democrats and Republicans, hitherto persecuted as dangerous radicals, became pillars of respectability, and saviours of society.Now that the cause of the monarchy was irretrievably lost, all the reactionary elements of society gathered round the banner of the bourgeois republic, staunchly upheld by Karolyi and the Social Democrats.However, the masses were not slow to grasp the enormous gulf which now opened up between the sort of republic which they wanted and the sort of republic they had got.

Wages in Hungary were 33% lower than in Austria and 50% lower than in Germany. Only the success of the socialist revolution could offer a way out of the blind alley in which the small and backward states of Europe found themselves.The ruling class of Hungary attempted to shield itself from the storm hiding behind the forms of parliamentary democracy. Far from making enemies of the peasants, the Bolshevik agrarian policy turned them into enthusiastic defenders of the revolution. How could they maintain themselves?

Undermined by pressure within and without, and realising his own impotence, Karolyi refused to take responsibility for the affairs of the nation and resigned.By so doing the whole of Hungarian bourgeoisie admitted its total incapacity to lead the nation at a decisive moment. Another of the same stripe, Wilhelm Bohm wrote: "Deprived of their leaders, the Bolshevik movement gained new strength. Emboldened with success, the workers took to the streets to press their class demands, despite their leaders' frantic appeals for calm. Rather the reverse was true.The revolution had been far too indulgent with its enemies, and was now paying a terrible price. The bourgeois put all the onus of resolving the crisis on the shoulders of the Social Democratic "moderates". Whereas Lenin's policy had succeeded in driving a wedge between the small peasants and the kulaks, Bela Kun's "cleverer" policy only succeeded in uniting the small peasants and the kulaks in a hostile bloc, opposed to the revolution.The failure of the agrarian policy had serious results in other fields.

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