However, the following seems to have been A 6-course Renaissance tenor lute would be tuned to the same intervals as a For lutes with more than six courses the extra courses would be added on the low end. The courses are tuned in unison for high and intermediate pitches, but for lower pitches one of the two strings is tuned an octave higher (the course where this split starts changed over the history of the lute). Unlike in the past there are many types of lutes encountered today: 5-course medieval lutes, renaissance lutes of 6 to 10 courses in many pitches for solo and ensemble performance of Renaissance works, the archlute of Baroque works, 11-course lutes in d-minor tuning for 17th-century French, German and Czech music, 13/14-course d-minor tuned German Baroque Lutes for later High Baroque and Classical music, Lutenistic practice has reached considerable heights in recent years, thanks to a growing number of world-class lutenists: Lutes of several regional types are also common in Greece: Lutes were in widespread use in Europe at least since the 13th century, and documents mention numerous early performers and composers. The long lutes were the more ancient lutes; the "Arabic tanbūr ... faithfully preserved the outer appearance of the ancient lutes of Babylonia and Egypt".Sachs' book dates from 1941, and the archaeological evidence available to him placed the early lutes at about 2000 BC.The line of short-necked lutes was further developed to the east of Mesopotamia, in During the 8th and 9th centuries, many musicians and artists from across the Islamic world flocked to Iberia.By the 11th century, Muslim Iberia had become a center for the manufacture of instruments. Nylon offers greater tuning stability, but is seen as anachronistic by purists, as its timbre differs from the sound of earlier gut strings. As lutherie scholarship increased, makers began constructing instruments based on historical models, which have proven lighter and more responsive instruments.

), as well as the long-necked Saracen or Moorish guitar. Madrid, Prado, no. Manuscript illumination from the Cantigas de Santa Maria (late 13th century). The short necked variety contained most of our moder… It does not have a separate saddle but has holes bored into it to which the strings attach directly. Thus an 8-course tenor Renaissance lute would be tuned to The first part of the seventeenth century was a period of considerable diversity in the tuning of the lute, particularly in France.

At the end of the lute's evolution the Over the course of the Baroque era the lute was increasingly relegated to the Many theories have been proposed for the origin of the Arabic name. early medieval lute.

Lutes built at present are invariably replicas or near copies of those surviving historical instruments that are in museums or private collections. That revival was further boosted by the During the early days of the early music movement, many lutes were constructed by available luthiers, whose specialty was often classical guitars. Forse che si, forse che no: musique de danse du quattrocento. In this sense, instruments such as the Indian sitar are classified as lutes.

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