(B) In the flooding-induced nest relocation scenario, a water container released water drops into a nest box to induce ants to abscond into a new nest box using a Teflon coated wire bridge.

The experimental colonies contained queens, brood, and workers at the time of the experiments.

The control arm received an equal amount of solvent only. It also uses cookies for the purposes of performance measurement.



The treatment arm was treated with test chemicals dissolved in methylene chloride (3 µl) by evenly spotting the preparation over the arm with disposable glass pipettes. For example, ants mark their paths with these pheromones, which are volatile hydrocarbons. We also thank J. G. Millar for critical reading of the manuscript.Conceived and designed the experiments: DC DBV NDT.
Pheromone trails can be composed of two or more pheromones with different functions, and information may be embedded in the trail network geometry. The test chemicals dissolved in methylene chloride (total 12 µl) were applied by evenly spotting the preparation over a pencil-drawn guideline with disposable glass pipettes.

The opening of the pygidial gland in Argentine ant worker is located on the posterior end of the gaster between the 6th and 7th abdominal tergites In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence that two pygidial gland chemicals are important constituents of recruitment trails of Argentine ant for foraging and nest relocation, and also validates a direct approach for the study of ant trail pheromones generally.

A laboratory test with synthetic (Z)-9-hexadecenal indicated that ≈0.1 ng was the limit of detection with the GC-MS (D.-H. Choe, unpublished data).


Wrote the paper: DC NDT.For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click

If the null hypothesis was rejected, the comparison of a control to each other treatment were conducted with one-sided Dunnett-type test To determine the effect of candidate chemicals on continous trailing, we conducted a trail-following bioassay with an S-shaped artificial trail (17.3 cm in length) drawn on a rectangular piece of filter paper (9×17 cm). Each square represents a single study, with the base of each stacked bar positioned over ...Figure 2: Population trends for insects tracked by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and UK insects from Dirzo et al. No specific permits were required for the described studies.

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