They argued that the law was drawn up without the consent of the majority; it was enforced to ensure the perpetuation of an unjust system, and therefore the struggle would be waged to establish a new system, including a legal system that would embody the values of a non-racial constitution that protected human rights.The defence team comprised of Joel Joffe, who was the instructing attorney, Bram Fischer, Vernon Berrange, Arthur Chaskalson and George Bizos.
The charter will be signed tomorrow morning by all but Morocco which sent an observer instead of an official because of the presence of Mauritania with which it has a border dispute.
In what was arguably the most profound moment in the trial, Nelson Mandela made a speech in the dock in which he condemned the very court in which he was appearing as 'illegitimate'.
Fischer’s case received much attention, as Fischer was an Afrikaner fighting against an Afrikaner government. It was agreed that Arthur Goldreich and his family would live in the main farmhouse, while the outhouses would be used as a meeting place for many of the luminaries of the struggle. Among the group were Walter Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, Raymond Mahlaba, Ahmed Kathrada, Arthur Goldreich, Dennis Goldberg and Lionel Bernstein.Hundreds of incriminating documents were found during the raid, and members of the group were immediately arrested.
Lord Bethell joined many in urging the South African government to release Mandela in the interests of achieving a negotiated solution.
Its primary aim will be to "decolonise" the remaining bastions of white rule in Southern Rhodesia, South Africa, Mozambique and Angola. The aftermath of the Sharpeville Massacre and the declaration of the subsequent State of Emergency in March 1960 signalled the beginning of a brutal and intensive phase of state repression.The intensification of repressive laws and the erosion of political rights by the Apartheid regime made the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) the first causalities in an era of banishment. This allows for opposition to the government without the risk of facing arrest and possible imprisonment for political offences. Both the internal and external pressures forced the regime to open dialogue with the incarcerated leaders of the struggle. It was one of the first and most violent demonstrations against apartheid in South Africa. Volume 3, Challenge and Violence, 1953-1964.
The re-organisation of political structures, particularly the youth, led to the Durban strikes of 1973 and later the student uprising of 1976. From the outset, the defence team informed their clients that they should expect the worst. Many Apartheid victims, on both sides, still wear their scars in memory wherever they go.Corruption, crime and violence against women and children are some of the issues facing our democracy today. © PTA News LibrarySource: Pretoria Often referred to as "the trial that changed South Africa,” in October 1963, ten leading opponents of apartheid went on trial for their lives on charges of sabotage. But the concept of non-interference in internal disputes enshrined in the OAU constitution led critics to call it a "trade union for dictators".
The defense had hoped that Mahlaba, Kathrada, and Bernstein might escape conviction due to lack of evidence that they were actually party to the conspiracy.
The leaders were subsequently tried for treason in the infamous Rivonia Trial (October 1963) after which Mandela and seven of his colleagues were sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island in June 1964. In 1958 and 1959 key ANC and South African Communist Party (SACP) leaders were talking seriously about a move to armed struggle, concluding that peaceful methods had proved fruitless. 11 – The Union of South Africa declares war on Italy. Oliver Tambo, a senior member of the ANC leadership, managed to escape South Africa and was to lead the ANC in exile for another thirty years. An attempt to enforce Afrikaans language requirements for Black African students led to the Soweto riots in 1976. Bob Hepple, part of the group found and arrested on the property, tried to burn documents related to Operation Mayibuye during the raid, but failed.The group was arrested with the police relying on the 90-day detention law to delay their appearance in court while investigations continued.
He then proceeded to argue that the …
At least 67 blacks were killed and more than 180 wounded, most of them shot in the back.
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