Several nations possess operational ASAT systems. The site later hosted two modest devices used primarily for experiments in space tracking. The initial efforts by the United States and the Soviet Union used ground-launched missiles from the 1950s; many more exotic proposals came afterwards. Another area of research was directed into ASATs were generally given low priority until 1982, when information about a successful USSR program became widely known in the west. Terra-3 was a Soviet laser testing centre, located on the Sary Shagan anti-ballistic missile testing range in the Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan. The chance of the (assumed intact) hydrazine tank landing close enough to at least one person for that person to be killed if he or she lingered in the vicinity of the crash site was about one percent, while the cost of the intercept was about $100 million. Two such tests were carried out on 1 November 1963 and 12 April 1964. Research and Development (both of ASAT systems and other space based/deployed weapons) has, however, reported to have been resumed under the government of In May 2013, the Chinese government announced the launch of a suborbital rocket carrying a scientific payload to study the upper ionosphere.According to the U.S. government, the primary reason for destroying the satellite was the approximately 450 kg (1000 lb) of toxic Experts debated whether the hydrazine tank would have survived an uncontrolled reentry. Depending on the level of tracking capabilities, the interceptor would have to pre-determine the point of impact while compensating for the satellite's lateral movement and the time for the interceptor to climb and move; U.S. The successful flight test of Russia's direct ascent anti-satellite missile, known as In May 2016, Russia tested the Nudol for the second time. It is also believed (by experts such as Prof. Yitzhak Ben Yisrael, chairman of the In a televised press briefing during the 97th Indian Science Congress in Thiruvananthapuram, the In the early 1980s, the Soviet Union had developed two The roles include: a defensive measure against an adversary's spa Several other laser test sites were also active during this period. Although no ASAT system has yet been utilised in warfare, a few nations have shot down their own satellites to demonstrate their ASAT capabilities in a show of force. The Arrow 3 or Hetz 3 is an anti-ballistic missile, currently in service. It provides exo-atmospheric interception of ballistic missiles. Nonetheless, the strategic implications of a possible unforeseen breakthrough in technology forced the USSR to initiate massive spending on research in the Both countries began to reduce expenditure from 1989 and the Russian Federation unilaterally discontinued all SDI research in 1992. However, if it had, any human fatality would still have been very unlikely. A "crash program" followed, which developed into the On 21 February 2008, the U.S. Navy The specter of bombardment satellites and the reality of ballistic missiles stimulated the Soviet Union to explore defensive space weapons. Although satellites have been successfully intercepted at low orbiting altitudes, the tracking of military satellites for a length of time could be complicated by defensive measures like inclination changes. It was originally built to test missile defense concepts, but these attempts were dropped after the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was signed. Anti-satellite weapons are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic military purposes. During the 1980s, officials within the United States Later in the year Khrushchev cancelled the UR-200 in favour of the R-36, forcing the IS to switch to this launcher, whose space launcher version was developed as the The world's first successful intercept was completed in February 1970.Testing resumed in 1976 as a result of the U.S. work on the The Soviet Union also experimented with large, ground-based ASAT lasers from the 1970s onward (see In the early 1980s, the Soviet Union also started developing a counterpart to the U.S. air-launched ASAT system, using modified The USSR also experimented with One last Soviet design worth mentioning is After the Soviet Union collapsed, there were proposals to use this aircraftThe Strategic Defense Initiative gave the US and Soviet ASAT programs a major boost; ASAT projects were adapted for Research in the U.S. and the Soviet Union was proving that the requirements, at least for orbital based energy weapon systems, were, with available technology, close to impossible.

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